NEW Maths NCERT Standard 8 Navneet Soft Copy -Sem.1

In addition to being able to count tangible objects in the prehistoric

human being, abstract objects such as time, days, seasons, years, and so on. Human arithmetic - addition, subtraction, multiplication and division - gradually became learned as well. It is obvious that mathematics has not only evolved by calculating or subtracting the sum but the mathematics has actually evolved after the figures and their values ​​have been clarified. Perhaps our ancestors had someday scratched a wall or wood.Historical details have shown that mathematics was practiced in the main teaching subjects, such as commerce, land measurement and astronomy. All three requirements led to the development of mathematics that could be divided into three major areas: "structure", "location" and "change".

2 BC and BC For the first time in various references written between the two Indian mathematicians refer to the use of zero, algebra, theorems, the square root of numbers, and the root of the numbers, etc. This is known as Vedic Mathematics, and Vedic Mathematics is still taught in many colleges and universities outside India today.

Definitions of Mathematics

Aristotle defined mathematics as "the science of quantum", which lasted until the 8th century. [3] The study of mathematics became more difficult at the beginning of the 8th century, with no definite relation to quantity or measurement, "group theory." And abstract subjects such as "projective geometry" began to take place. [5] At that time, mathematicians and philosophers introduced different kinds of new So began notifying akhyao of these symptoms delete some definitions emphasizing math sequence, was emphasizing on some other of its abstractness. In addition, some emphasized the specific topics contained within it. Today, there is no consensus on the definition of mathematics even among knowledgeable scholars. Moreover, there is no consensus on whether mathematics is a science or an art. A large class of learned mathematicians are not interested in the definition of mathematics, or believe that its definition cannot be construed. Some simply say, "What mathematicians do is called mathematics."

There are three main types of mathematical definitions, called logical, intuitive, and conservative, that reflect different thinking. All definitions have problems with it, no one gets universal consent, and no compromise seems possible. [૩૧]

The logic of mathematical definition of start-up time, in Benjamin Pierce, ed. C 1, as "the science that yields essential conclusions." [3] In "Principa Mathematica," Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead pioneered a program known as logic. He tried to prove that all the ideas, theories and theories of mathematics could be defined and proven by purely symbolic logic. Russell's "mathematics is only a logical logic" (2), which is a logical definition of mathematics. [૩૩]

Mathematician l. E. J. Intuitive definitions, developed from Browser's ideas, identify mathematics with specific psychological events. An example of an interdisciplinary definition - "Mathematics is a mental process in which structures are studied one after another." [31] [2] The peculiarity of intuitionism is that it defies mathematical ideas as accepted by other definitions. Other mathematical philosophers incorporate theories into mathematics that can be proved, even if they cannot be formulated.

Orthodox definitions identify mathematics with its signs and rules for working on it. Haskell Curry gives a straightforward definition such as "the science of system-based structures." [2] A structure based on a system is a set of symbols or symbols, and the rules for combining these symbols. The rules of why formulas can be created. So there are a set of symbols that do not need to be represented by the rules.